Europe faces geopolitical fragility when it comes to the semiconductor industry. Europe’s heavy reliance on Taiwan for front-end semiconductor manufacturing and wafer supply is a strategic vulnerability, one that pandemic-era disruptions made impossible to ignore. As a result, Europe’s semiconductor policy has been primarily focused on fabs by prioritising new investment and expanding domestic wafer supply. However, it still lacks the essential advanced packaging that binds c

"Pan-Africanism can be broadly defined as the intellectual foundation of a desire for unity of Africans in the diaspora, a regional push for African unity, a global movement intended to unite Africa and its people against European hegemony, and the general liberation of the people of Africa and those of African descent. Pan-Africanism aims to achieve four primary objectives. The first is the political unity of Africa that aims to bring the states of Africa under a unified pol

Following military coups in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger between 2020 and 2023, most analysts agreed that a new era had begun for the Sahel, one in which cooperation with Russia would be a fundamental pillar. Russia offered the newly installed juntas’ military support through the Wagner Group, a formally independent mercenary group, while positioning itself as an economic and diplomatic partner for the region, drawing on its claimed “historical aversion to Western colonialis

" (...) Is a process in which the political regime, that previously was democratic but went through a change to an authoritarian or semi-authoritarian one, returns to democracy." Source: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/chile-under-the-government-of-sebastin-piera/41258

During the Cold War, the Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom (GIUK) Gap mattered because its geography channeled submarines. It was the acoustically and geographically constrained set of exits Soviet vessels would need to use to reach the North Atlantic, thereby making the Gap a natural place for NATO to concentrate fixed sensors and deploy both maritime patrol aircraft and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) forces. The strategic problem at that time was relatively clear: detect, t

Mainstream analysis of the Middle East has a recurring pattern of orbiting strictly around states with outsized military or economic power. The likes of Saudi Arabia, Iran, Israel, Egypt, and more recently, the UAE and Qatar. Meanwhile, the role of Kuwait and Jordan, two states that play crucial stabilising roles, rarely dominate international headlines, while they navigate a region rife with geopolitical fragmentation. Their quiet contributions are underscored by a soft-po

"The art of getting to the brink of war without precipitating one. It is associated with the American Secretary of State during much of the 1950s, John Foster Dulles (1888–1959). The most serious case of twentieth-century brinkmanship was the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, in which the parties came eyeball-to-eyeball." Source: https://kamudiplomasisi.org/pdf/kitaplar/___adictionaryofdiplomacy.pdf

"Term derived from French word diriger (to direct) referring to the control of economic activity by the state. Intervention may take the form of legal requirements, financial incentives and penalties, nationalization, or comprehensive economic planning, though with an underlying commitment to private ownership." Source: https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199670840.001.0001/acref-9780199670840-e-361

In our last insight, we discussed the attempts made by the United States to reassert its role as the eminent military and imperialistic superpower. As one of the blocs poised to rise in the global hegemonic rankings, the European Union has all the necessary tools for success. However, its lack of progress is exemplified by its indecision on two key issues: what to do with the approximately €210 billion in frozen Russian assets held in Brussels and the negotiations for the EU

Minilateralism has become the popular modus operandi of 21st-century international relations among states. As a concept, minilateralism is quite fluid. It indicates a grouping of a small number of like-minded states pursuing mutual goals. It is considered a nimble and more targeted approach than multilateralism where “the smallest possible number of countries needed to have the largest possible impact on solving a particular problem.” In contrast to the traditional multilater

Introduction: Digitalization is fundamentally reshaping interactions among state, market, and society along the corridor The Nigeria–Cameroon frontier, spanning diverse terrains from Bakassi’s marshlands to Borno’s plains and the forests of Taraba and Cameroon’s Far North, has historically exemplified governance through intermittent state presence. In particular, administrative continuity has been lacking, resulting in a reliance on crisis interventions and militarized respon

Co-financing requires that part of the funding for a project comes from sources other than the EU, such as national, regional or private funds. One of the reasons is that co-financing should leverage additional financial resources and thereby increase the total amount available for projects. Moreover, by requiring beneficiaries to contribute own funds, the co-financing principle aims to ensure greater ownership and to encourage efficient planning and cost management. Source:.

The 20 th of June 2025 could be a pivotal date for the European Union (EU): for the first time, the European Investment Bank (EIB) – the principal EU tool for developmental projects in and out of the Union – approved a 450-million euro loan for the installation of a military campus in Rūdninkai, Lithuania. The involvement of the EIB in such a project, aimed at strengthening NATO’s Eastern flank, is a significant shift in EIB’s casual projects, and therefore a shift in EU pri

"A Protectorate, or protected state when referring to a territory subject to this arrangement, is an autonomous territory that is protected diplomatically or militarily against third parties by a stronger state or entity. The protectorate retains formal sovereignty and remains a state under international law, but in exchange for this, they usually accept specified obligations that vary depending on the nature of their relationship." Source: https://diplomacy.state.gov/encyclo

Canada is entering a critical phase in the expansion of its liquefied natural gas (LNG) export capacity. The inauguration of the LNG Canada facility in Kitimat, British Columbia, marks a significant shift for a country whose energy exports have long been defined by near-exclusive reliance on the United States. By opening direct access to overseas markets, this project represents a structural departure from Canada’s traditional dependence on its southern neighbour. The launch

"The terms ‘extraterritoriality’ and ‘extraterritorial jurisdiction’ refer to the competence of a State to make, apply and enforce rules of conduct in respect of persons, property or events beyond its territory. Such competence may be exercised by way of prescription, adjudication or enforcement. Prescriptive jurisdiction refers to a State’s authority to lay down legal norms. Adjudicative jurisdiction refers to a State’s authority to decide competing claims. Enforcement juris

For decades, Turkey has dreamt of becoming a regional gas hub. It has sought to compensate for its lack of domestic hydrocarbon resources by taking advantage of its energy-rich neighbours and position itself as the leading energy partner in the region. To be sure, Turkey is already an important transit country for Russian, Middle Eastern and Central Asian gas. But in order to become a ‘gas marketplace’, several obstacles lay ahead for Ankara: namely the geopolitical tensions

With President Trump’s recent ultimatum pressing Nicolás Maduro to resign as Venezuela’s leader , it appears that the two states are on a collision course. While the Administration’s official reasoning behind the recent escalation has been an effort to end the flow of cocaine and fentanyl into the United States, we argue that this only partially explains the situation. On one hand, the prospect of invading a sovereign state reflects superpowers’ increasing propensity towards

Energy autarky (...) is conceptualized as a situation in which the energy services used for sustaining local consumption, local production and the export of goods and services are derived from locally renewable energy resources. Technically, the implementation of higher degrees of energy autarky rests on increasing energy efficiency, realizing the potential of renewable energy resources and relying on a decentralized energy system. Practically, a transition towards reg